1984 Study Guide

George Orwells 1984 is such an influential novel that you neednt have read it to notice its effect. With its chilling examination of totalitarian regimes, 1984 changed the language we use to discuss those very regimes. Popular terms like Big Brother, Orwellian, or Newspeak were all originated by Orwell in 1984. The novel was Orwell’s attempt to highlight what he saw as an existential threat posed by authoritarian leaders like Joseph Stalin. It remains a vital commentary on the techniques of brutal totalitarian regimes and only becomes more prescient and applicable as technology catches up with its nightmarish vision. Fast Facts: 1984 Author: George OrwellPublisher: Secker and WarburgYear Published: 1949Genre: Science fictionType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Totalitarianism, destruction of the self, control of informationCharacters: Winston Smith, Julia, O’Brien, Syme, Mr. CharringtonNotable Adaptations: A film adaptation released in 1984 starred John Hurt as Winston and Richard Burton, in his last role, as O’Brien.Fun Fact: Because of his socialist politics and connections to the Communist Party, Orwell himself was under government surveillance for years. Plot Summary Winston Smith lives in what is known as Airstrip One, formerly Britain, a province of a large nation-state known as Oceania. Posters everywhere declare BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, and Thought Police could be anywhere, watching for signs of Thoughtcrime. Smith works at the Ministry of Truth changing historical texts to match the current propaganda being distributed by the government. Winston longs to rebel, but confines his rebellion to keeping a forbidden journal, which he writes in a corner of his apartment hidden from the two-way television screen on his wall. At work, Winston meets a woman named Julia and begins a forbidden love affair, meeting her in a room he rents above a shop in the midst of the non-party population, known as proles. At work, Winston suspects that his superior, a man named O’Brien, is involved with a resistance movement called The Brotherhood, led by a mysterious man named Emmanuel Goldstein. Winston’s suspicions are confirmed when O’Brien invites him and Julia to join The Brotherhood, but this turns out to be a ruse and the pair are arrested. Winston is brutally tortured. He slowly gives up all outward resistance, but preserves what he believes is an inner core of his true self symbolized by his feelings for Julia. In the end he is confronted by his worst fear, a terror of rats, and betrays Julia by begging his torturers to do it to her instead. Broken, Winston is returned to public life a true believer. Major Characters Winston Smith. A 39-year old man who works for the Ministry of Truth. Winston romanticizes the lives of the non-Party proles and indulges in daydreams in which they rise up and spark a revolution. Winston rebels in his private thoughts and in small actions that seem relatively safe, like his journal-keeping. His torture and destruction at the end of the novel is tragic because of the sheer lack of necessity; Winston was being manipulated from the very beginning and never posed any true threat. Julia. Similarly to Winston, Julia is outwardly a dutiful Party member, but inwardly seeks to rebel. Unlike Winston, Julia’s motivations for rebellion stem from her own desires; she wishes to pursue pleasure and leisure. O’Brien. Literally everything the reader is told about O’Brien in the first half of the story is revealed to be untrue. He is Winston’s superior at the Ministry of Truth, but he is also a member of the Thought Police. O’Brien therefore represents the Party perfectly: He is changeable as needed, weaponizes information or the lack of it, and ultimately serves solely to perpetuate power and snuff out resistance of any kind. Syme. A colleague of Winston’s, working on a Newspeak dictionary. Winston perceives Syme’s intelligence and predicts that he will disappear as a result of it, a prediction that quickly comes true. Mr. Charrington. A kindly old man who helps Winston rebel, and is later revealed as a member of the Thought Police. Major Themes Totalitarianism. Orwell argues that in a one-party political state where all other parties are outlawed, perpetuation of power becomes the sole purpose of the State. Towards this end, a totalitarian state will restrict freedom increasingly until the only freedom that remains is freedom of private thought—and the State will then attempt to restrict this as well. Control of Information. Orwell argues in the novel that the lack of access to information and the corruption of information makes meaningful resistance to the Party impossible. Orwell foresaw the rise of fake news decades before it was named. Destruction of the Self. The ultimate goal of all totalitarian regimes in Orwell’s opinion. Only by replacing individual desires with a template created by the State can true control be asserted. Literary Style Orwell writes in plain, largely unadorned language and a neutral tone, which evokes the crushing despair and dullness of Winston’s existence. He also ties the point of view tightly to Winston, forcing the reader to accept what Winston tells them much as Winston accepts what he is told, all of which is ultimately revealed as a lie. Explore the style, themes, and more with discussion questions. About the Author Born in 1903 in India, George Orwell was an incredibly influential writer, best-known for his novels Animal Farm and 1984, as well as essays on various topics covering politics, history, and social justice. Many of the concepts Orwell introduced in his writing have become part of pop culture, such as the phrase Big Brother is Watching You and the use of the descriptor Orwellian to indicate an oppressive surveillance state.

Should Sex Education Be A Part Of The Necessary Curriculum

The debate over whether or not sex education should be a part of the necessary curriculum has been a popular topic of controversy since the 1960s (Pardini). Sex education is defined as â€Å"[a] broad term used to describe education about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, and other aspects of human sexual behavior† (â€Å"Sex Education†, Science Daily). Today in the United States, many people no longer feel that sex is a topic to be ignored or not mentioned in â€Å"polite society,† but one that should be freely and openly discussed. With greater acceptance of sexual behaviors, comes a greater need for awareness. The topic of sex has been a subject in our culture for centuries that is frequently discussed. Issues with parents†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"These programs provide young people with the tools to make informed decisions and build healthy relationships; stress the value of abstinence while also preparing young people for when they become sexually active; provide medically accurate information about the health benefits and side effects of all contraceptives, including condoms, as a means to prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of contracting STIs, including HIV/AIDS; and teach young people the skills to make responsible decisions about sexuality† (â€Å"Comprehensive Sex Education†). In other words, comprehensive sex education allows students to understand their bodies and make informed decisions about their behaviors. It has been said that almost two-thirds of the 48 comprehensive programs that supported both abstinence and the use of condoms and contraceptives for sexually active teens had positive behavioral effects (Kirby 15). Comprehensive programs work for both genders, for all major ethnic groups, for sexually inexperienced and experienced teens, in different settings, and in different communities. In the United States, only twenty-four states and the District of Columbia require sex education to be taught in schools. Of those states, twenty require sex and/or HIV education must be medically, factually or technically accurate (â€Å"State Policies on Sex Education†). The U.S. Department of Health Human Services has gone to great lengths to ensure all is being done for students, they have

Opportunities Challenges Auditing Professionâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Opportunities Challenges Auditing Profession? Answer: Introduction In todays business environment accounting profession has an important significance and facing many challenges in the upcoming years. Unending series of accounting scandals are mostly the cause of challenges grabbing the newspaper headlines back in few years and also due to introduction of new accounting standards and regulations, to control the accounting practices worldwide with an objective of preventing future scandals and financial frauds (Jans Alles Vasarhelyi 2010). Accounting scandals have brought in challenges shaking the publics trust in the accounting profession, hence been crucial to rebuild profession credibility and to regain trust from markets and investors. There are also opportunities which emerge in auditing as a result of effective labour, having quality skills and more knowledge to handle the complexities in the field of accounting been guided by credible principles and standards. Bookkeeping norms changes with time as new and amended measures are every now and again issued requiring the evaluators to alter and fit in the new bookkeeping gauges. New bookkeeping models come up for precise and dependable budgetary articulations to help one remain over advancements and have the capacity to comprehend and state money related explanations. Australian monetary guide think of courses in which budgetary announcing requires and connections to different releases of the model money related reports. Release of the Australian money related revealing aide abridges the imperative prerequisites for monetary reports which are set up for full and half years. This incorporate the most recent reports on the new and reconsidered bookkeeping principles, partnership Act 2001 revisions, direction from the Australian securities and speculations commission (ASIC) and different issues coming about to budgetary proclamations by the evaluators. It is not generally simple to distinguish those people who have majored in bookkeeping as a calling in spite of having a wide and expansive demography as every individual got his/her thinking to major in this profession way. This profession having it been attractive has a tendency to be appealing as bookkeeping is on popularity and simply every individual dependably have that will of landing a position (Ramamoorti, 2003). The proportion of people getting into this calling is getting to be plainly greater step by step and this will convey us to contemplations why is this critical. We can state that majoring in bookkeeping profession is a direct result of transparency and having wide assortments of operations remembering this is not a field of charges and credits as opposed to clearness. Having evaluating as the primary procedure for a solid outcomes in organizations productivities a large number of CEOs holds degrees in this field of examining for better abilities and affirmation in t he business (Hashim Rahman, 2011). People in this calling are required to be completely furnished with examining aptitudes keeping in mind the end goal to improve contemplations in the field of bookkeeping. Many individuals having thought that this calling is troublesome it turns out to be all the more fascinating as individuals wandering into it locate the best occupation position sitting tight for them hence work open doors for graduates flourishing for the graduates majoring in bookkeeping. Alluding to the Survey done by the Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA, 2000) and furthermore by Feldmann, 2009 the quantity of graduates has been declining in most recent couple of years yet as of now the quantity of examining calling has been expanding. The quantity of people with examining calling has made an alleviation to the enrolment specialists. Contracting chiefs have moved toward becoming trouble while distinguishing qualified staff as indicated by work dynamic and development desires requiring need in inspecting from people because of the expanded business hones. Having finished degree in bookkeeping along these lines acquiring a reviewing calling many graduates tend look to be open bookkeeper as the main profession decision (Khadaroo, 2005). The pay offered to them go about as a determinant on whether one will work in a specific firm. Nobody need to wander in non-benefit associations where for the most part people with evaluating calling like to wander in examining firms having a chance to wander in fields that will be of more noteworthy experience . This spurs many graduates as they gain much experience required to qualify as beneficial inspecting officer. People with reviewing qualities the same number of wish to work in firms raising step by step with regards to skill and arrangement of believable money related arranging procedures however this is constantly dictated by the exploration one will do allowing them to support and develop their vocation ways in various examining divisions. It is prudent for graduates to work out in the open parts for the most part the legislature and the non-beneficial which gives employer stability notwithstanding when compensations are low (Oxner, 2006). There are a few things an evaluating officer can wander into as they got all sort of abilities and experience to empower them wander in various firms inspecting getting to be noticeably one of the significant zones in bookkeeping. Reviewing includes checking monetary articulations and records of an association to decide if a firm is making misfortunes and furthermore solid money portions. In everyday life crafted by nature has truly changed as it has ro botized consequently examining firms distinguishing just the key esteems in like manner for better money related explanations with a specific end goal to guarantee the budgetary year contains the correct esteems (Mock Wright, 1993). Having evaluating calling got a ton of chances including accounting on income wanting a firm instalments and records of receipt for an organization or a person. General evaluating officer is additionally an open door most people wander in having that capacity to make collections and the essential changes in bookkeeping records whereby in an association they are set in various divisions like HR office managing instalment of the staff. Another range is been a controller ensuring examining offices obligations are all around utilized in the firm and this can either be out in the open or private parts been responsible for income for an association (Rongsheng, 2011).With a specific end goal to achieve such position one must work and put a ton of assurance in examining. Criminological bookkeeper whereby people tend to work with the administration in reviewing and researching violations which are identified with examining cheats. In reviewing law is additionally essential to empower them hav e some level of law learning helping them in distinguishing zones which may be modified and aid indictment of the offenders. Something else is spending examiner in light of the fact that having an inspecting calling one must have the capacity to translate numerous things recorded in the financial plan. This is imperative since it includes a considerable measure of work accordingly been the general population mindful with regards to budgetary arranging in government offices, organizations and non-productive associations. This sort of occupation can be either in private and the general population segments and the experts ought to be exceptionally imaginative with regards to transaction process making them to have relational abilities and a decent individual (Ho, 1999). Money related bookkeeping is likewise an evaluating field whereby the experts are responsible for monetary explanations arrangements of the venture or any business. Examining will help the organization amid converging as experts can contemplate the financial proclamations of the two combining organizations and for a situation where one of the organization is exploiting. Administration bookkeeping been alluded to as an exceptionally bustling position in an association is constantly critical to ensure that these individuals are in charge of the money related and bookkeeping forms (Ruland, 1984). In this manner, deterministic choices during the time spent capital planning and the territory of investigation of agreements is dependably a necessity in controlling organizations on costs and the cost examination. They generally ensure the advertising area work in close contact in this manner settling on choices which are useful for the welfare of the organization. In tax collection likewise inspecting plays a major manage in the two organizations and people as they plan money related explanations for enterprise of individual wage. It go about as preference to people doing this sort of occupation as they pick up information foundation in this evaluating rehearses. Examining experts are additionally in charge of prompting people with regards to wandering into specific business as there are the general population who know the present and the present issues on the planet organizations. Offering administrations autonomously and secretly is great as planning and different issues related with the business are given to individuals in like manner, this happens in organizations with need of profane business confronting rivalry (Humphrey et al, 2000). In reviewing people watch out for higher their training with a specific end goal to have epic abilities consequently additionally making more channels for openings for work where some even begin their own organizations on the off ch ance that they don't discover a favouring work or a well-paying opening for work subsequently been fitting for examiners to higher their capabilities for higher and better odds of business and independent work endeavours. Each division beginning with singular venture, the private, open and the nongovernmental associations can't be fruitful without the examiners. Each business having a point of making benefit influencing bookkeeping profession to like reviewing divisions to be more critical while looking at whether the business is beneficial or not. Firms tend to realize areas needed for improvement by bringing in qualified auditors to analyse their financial status. Some professionals in auditing may lack one of those opportunities due to some issues such high competition and corruption, thus been encourage to come up with activities which suite their profession (Vijayalakshmi, 2003). A number of individuals who have no jobs in private, public or in non-profit organization have venture in their own auditing firms. They are employed casually by these organizations as they run their own business as private auditors. Other professionals have set small microfinance businesses which are growing at a high rate as the auditors is well qualified enhancing operations which are easy and beneficial. Some auditors sometimes joins hands and operate such businesses as partners and eventually forming banks. These professionals are qualified to start their own auditing firms if they do not have favouring jobs or if one lack a well-paying job o pportunity. The study found it advisable for the auditor graduates to continue to high levels of accounting to better their job chances and also self-employment enterprises. This can be related with people who have advanced in this auditing career receiving best payment package compared to having a degree alone. It is always advisable for individuals with that passion of been an auditor to take international accounting courses leading them to good jobs and making more money (Albrecht Sack, 2001). Every auditing officer expects to have a more payment than undergraduates as he is more experienced and more skilled. Start into a selective expert club of the rehearsing bookkeepers goes about as a representative status that make one to be perceived and to be more critical in the general public regardless of been seldom met in the current inspecting hones. The quantity of understudy joining the examining calling is expanding step by step making the field to have more member than required importance the supply is overwhelming the request. Because of this sort of rivalry evaluators tries to make extraordinary status as they got a considerable measure of faulty inquiries therefore thinking of a technique on which way one can take after to use his inspecting calling and assemble trustworthy principles in the field of reviewing (National Institute for Clinical Excellence, 2002). Reviewers who are straight from colleges are encouraged to take in the most and advantage capable routes in his/her inspecting profession. Examining offer a wide assortment of vocation having duties, for example, looking into, assessment and investigation of procedures, frameworks, items, administrations, associations and representatives. Examiners additionally helps the administration and the outside gatherings to acquire precise appraisal of the association under their stewardship as they asses the dependability, legitimacy, exactness, ageless and undeniable nature of association data including the procedures and sources which are utilized to delivered that data. Inspectors likewise helps in counteracting information control by workers and furthermore averting robbery of organization's advantages by having an inner controls rehearses in an association avoiding it from hazard exposures (Weber et al, 2008). Examiners likewise helps in assurance of association's advantage by ensuring the controls are set up to likewise help with viability of money related and operational announcing. Giving sensible affirmation that annou ncements are free from huge mistakes is what is essentially required from an evaluator as procuring outside or interior examiners can be costly. Inspecting been much costly the examiner can't be in a position to confirm every last exchange which may have happened in an association in this way utilizing measurable testing and think of assurance with administration on which key ranges they should centre to. Evaluating does not really imply that the money related explanations gave are impeccable depiction portrayal of the association yet a sensible affirmation that the announcements are free of material misquotes. Examiners ought to have some individual qualities, for example, having solid moral structure and write about out of this world over. Having a compatibility with assortment of administrators, workers, chiefs and outside gatherings is because of good relational abilities from the examiners however as evaluator makes an affinity with a few people they should remain with their primary target of the review as they can be enticed not to report an issue found (Shore Wright, 2004). Because of assortment of data demands and frequently imperviousness to those solicitations solid relational abilities are essential among the evaluators as they keep them from uncovering one-sided data. Reviewers ought to dependably act as a group as this extent of review can be genuinely expansive subsequently been useful helping different regions of a review when asset imperatives warrant it. At last evaluation on the most proficient method to execute extortion can beat an organization's controls, and examiners need to actualize and plan deliberate viable approaches to ensure association's advantages by utilizing a characteristic called "proficient distrust" while inspecting an organization's inner control. Local reviewing weaknesses incorporate the difficulties that inspecting calling faces as pointless data from examining frameworks should be executed whereby it turns into a test while applying evaluating component. Additionally having higher needs by presentation of new data from time to time in this manner changing basic information ending up additional tedious and troublesome errand. Lacking spending plan is additionally an issue including even the best organizations amid this current financial downturn because of cost cutting that have turned into a noteworthy trendy expression. It is where costs keep on growing having rare assets. Inward arrangement is likewise a test and having different consistence reviews. Conclusion Auditing has offered job responsibilities for those inclined to deal with the companys operation details. Auditors check financial statements having done qualified accounting courses. Therefore, auditing has become a growing field under government regulations. Auditor is an in-demand career as it involves liaising with company management and regulating variety of business and financial processes. References Jans, M. J., Alles, M., Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2010). Process mining of event logs in auditing: Opportunities and challenges. Ruland, R. G. (1984). Duty, obligation, and responsibility in accounting policy making.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,3(3), 223-237. Ramamoorti, S. (2003). Internal auditing: history, evolution, and prospects.Research opportunities in internal auditing, 1-23. Hashim, U., Rahman, R. (2011). Audit report lag and the effectiveness of audit business management committee among Malaysian listed companies.International Bulletin of Business Administration,10(1), 50-56. Khadaroo, I. (2005). Corporate reporting on the internet: some implications for the auditing profession.Managerial Auditing Journal,20(6), 578-591. Oxner, T., Oxner, K. (2006). Boom time for internal audit professionals: thanks to the profession's growing stature, internal auditors are enjoying higher salaries and greater career opportunities, The IIA's latest Job Market Survey reports.Internal Auditor,63(3), 50-57. Mock, T. J., Wright, A. (1993). An exploratory study of auditors' evidential planning judgments.Auditing,12(2), 39. Rongsheng, Q. I. N. (2011). Definition of State Auditing Responsibility: from the Perspectiveof Responsibility Relationship [J].Journal of Audit Economics,2, 002. Ho, S. K. (1999). The 5-S auditing.Managerial Auditing Journal,14(6), 294-302. Owen, D. L., Swift, T. A., Humphrey, C., Bowerman, M. (2000). The new social audits:accountability, managerial capture or the agenda of social champions?.European Accounting Review,9(1), 81-98. Vijayalakshmi, S. (2003). Challenges before Auditing Profession. Albrecht, W. S., Sack, R. J. (2001). The perilous future of accounting education.The CPAJournal,71(3), 16. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (Great Britain). (2002).Principles for best practice in clinical audit. Radcliffe Publishing. Venkataraman, R., Weber, J. P., Willenborg, M. (2008). Litigation risk, audit quality, and audit fees: Evidence from initial public offerings.The Accounting Review,83(5), 1315-1345. Shore, C., Wright, S. (2004). Whose accountability? Governmentality and the auditing of universities.Parallax,10(2), 100-116.

Who is responsible for the death of Eddie Carbone Essay Example

Who is responsible for the death of Eddie Carbone? Essay Arthur Miller has become one of Americas most important and influential playwrights. His plays often explore the position of the individual in relation to their responsibilities and position in society. However, Millers plays reveal a deep and sympathetic understanding of how people think, behave and react to the world around them, especially when they find themselves in situations which threaten to defeat them. The play A View from the Bridge has its origins in the late 1940s when Arthur Miller became interested in the work and lives of dockworkers and longshoremen of New Yorks Brooklyn harbour and where he himself had previously worked. He became interested in the poorly paid people exploited by their bosses and who were in many cases only recent immigrants to the United States. They had come to America, as Millers parents had done in hope of the work, wealth and security that their home countries could not guarantee. At this time a young lawyer friend of Millers mentioned a story he had heard of a longshoreman who had told the immigration bureau on two brothers, his own relatives, who were living illegally in his home, in order to break an engagement between one of them and his niece. Miller only started the writing of his play during his first visit to Italy where he got the background information for the tragic and sympathetic A View from the Bridge. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is responsible for the death of Eddie Carbone? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who is responsible for the death of Eddie Carbone? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who is responsible for the death of Eddie Carbone? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Arthur Miller took this modern true-life story and presented it to an audience using features of classical drama. Arthur Miller begins his play with a device from ancient Greek drama; the chorus. He does this through the figure of Alfieri the lawyer. Alfieri comments on the action throughout the play leading the audiences reaction. The play starts off with Alfieris speech to the audience. He explains what its like in Brooklyn Red Hook and what the people are like. He talks of the petty troubles of the poor and draws the audience in and suggests the events of A View from a Bridge in a mysterious way. He leads the audience to believe that whatever happens will end in blood and the events will be unstoppable. He tells us any lawyer would be, as powerless as I, and watch(ed) it run its bloody course. Alfieri finally mentions Eddie Carbone which leads the audience to believe the blood and violence is to do with this husky, slightly overweight longshoreman